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I can use plural rules to form plural nouns.

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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2023), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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Key learning points

Some masculine and neuter nouns add '-er' with an umlaut, where possible, to form the plural.
Nouns borrowed from other langauges usually add '-s' to form the plural.
Female person nouns add '-nen' to form the plural.
The German short [a] sounds like the 'a' in 'Blatt'. The short [ä] is as in the plural 'Blätter'.
The German short [u] sounds like the 'u' in 'Unterschied'; the long [u] is as in 'Uhr'.

Common misconception

All German nouns form their plural by adding 's'.

Plural rules in German are complex and need to be learnt. Pronunciation is also important, as umlauts [ä], [ö] and [ü] can change meaning; for example, Vater, Väter. Accurate pronounciation can help with vocabulary, reading aloud and transcription.

Keywords

Plural rule 4 - add ‘-er’ to some masculine and neuter nouns, with an umlaut where possible; for example, 'Blätter'.
Plural rule 5 - add -s to nouns borrowed from other languages; for example, 'Interviews'.
Plural rule 6 - add -nen to all female person nouns; for example, 'Lehrerinnen'.

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