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I can use images to investigate the geography of Mumbai and explain why Mumbai is called a global city.

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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2023), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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Key learning points

A global city is a well-connected city with good transport and financial links across the world.
Mumbai has a population of around 22 million people and is the financial capital of India.
Property in Mumbai is becoming some of the most expensive in the world due to Mumbai being a thriving global city.
Mumbai accounts for 25% of India's industrial output.
Bollywood is a major film industry in India and it is based in Mumbai.

Common misconception

Confusion about the difference between global cities and megacities.

Global cities are well-connected cities that are recognised as being of global importance. Megacities are cities with more than 10 million inhabitants. Not all global cities are megacities.

Keywords

Infrastructure - all the basic systems in a country, such as transport and power supply
Population density - the number of people living in a defined area, e.g. 300 people per square kilometre
Global city - a city that is a major centre for trade and communication with other places around the world
Megacity - a city that has a population of more than 10 million people
Industrial output - the total value of goods produced by a country's industry

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Hello and welcome.

My name is Ms. Harrison.

I'm so excited to be learning with you today.

Today's lesson is called Mumbai a global city.

Grab everything you might need for today's lesson and let's begin our learning.

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to use images to investigate the geography of Mumbai and explain why Mumbai is called a global city.

Before we can begin this, we need to define the keywords that we'll be using throughout today's lesson.

The keywords in today's lesson are stereotype, infrastructure, global city, megacity, and industrial output.

Stereotype: this is a set idea that people might have about a person, place, or thing, but which is often not true.

Infrastructure: this is all the basic systems in a country, such as transport and power supply.

Global city: this is a city that is a major centre for trade and communication with other places around the world.

Megacity: this is a city that has a population of more than 10 million people.

Industrial output: this is the total value of goods produced by a country's industry.

Now that we've defined these keywords, we can begin our learning.

The first question we are going to explore in today's lesson is, what can we find out about Mumbai? And is the capital city of the state of Maharashtra.

Mumbai is known for its vibrant culture, diverse population, and as the financial hub of India.

It's often referred to as the City of Dreams because it is home to Bollywood, the world's largest film industry, and many people come here hoping to find success.

Mumbai is also a major port city, playing a key role in trade and commerce.

It's one of the most populous cities in the world, with millions of people living in an area that's constantly growing and developing.

To understand Mumbai better, we need to find different sources of information.

What sources of information could we use to find out about Mumbai? Pause the video here whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Let's check our answers.

To learn about Mumbai, there are several different sources of information we can use.

Each of these sources can give us a unique perspective on the city.

Atlases.

These are useful for understanding Mumbai's location in relation to other places, as well as geographical features such as rivers, mountains, and neighbouring cities.

Books.

Books provide detailed information about Mumbai's history, culture, and development over time.

They can offer both general overviews and in-depth studies on specific aspects of the city.

Climate data.

Climate data tells us about Mumbai's weather patterns, such as average temperatures, rainfall, and humidity throughout the year.

This helps us to understand what the environment is like in Mumbai.

A globe gives us a three-dimensional view of the Earth and allows us to see exactly where Mumbai is located on the planet, helping us understand its position relative to other cities and countries.

Photographs or videos can show us what Mumbai looks like, capturing its landscapes, buildings, people, and daily life.

Images can give us a visual understanding of the city's environment and culture.

Internet.

The internet provides instant access to a wide range of information about Mumbai.

You can find news, blogs, government websites, and much more to learn about the city in real time.

Maps and GIS.

Maps helps us to navigate and understand the layout of Mumbai, such as its streets, districts, and landmarks.

Geographical information systems can offer detailed interactive maps that can show data such as population density, land use, and infrastructure.

Asking people who live in or have visited Mumbai can provide valuable firsthand experiences and insights.

Personal stories and recommendations can help us better understand the social and cultural aspects of the city.

By using a combination of these sources, we can gain a well-rounded understanding of Mumbai and its significance in the world.

Images are one source of information for finding out about Mumbai.

They can give us clues about the physical geography, like the altitude, climate, geology, landscape, vegetation, and water; and human aspects, such as buildings, industries, infrastructure, jobs, land use, the level of development, and population density.

Images are a powerful way to represent places and people, but they can also reinforce stereotypes.

For example, if you only see pictures of crowded streets, slums, or the wealthy areas of Mumbai, you might form a limited or one-sided view of the city.

These images might suggest that Mumbai is only about poverty or luxury without showing the other aspects that make it a diverse and complex place.

When we look at images, it's important to think about what's missing and whether the picture tells the whole story.

Mumbai is a city with a rich history, a mix of cultures, and a range of experiences.

Some images might focus on the busy, chaotic side of the city, while others might highlight its beautiful beaches, green spaces, or modern architecture.

But to truly understand a place like Mumbai, we need a variety of images that show its many different faces, from the crowded markets to the peaceful neighbourhoods, from the traditional festivals to the modern skyscrapers.

Stereotypes can lead to misunderstandings, especially if someone has never been to a place or doesn't know much about it.

For example, if all you've ever seen are images of poverty, you might think that's the only thing Mumbai is about, when in reality it's a place of immense cultural richness, innovation, and opportunity.

By using a broad range of images that reflect the different aspects of life in Mumbai, we can develop a much more balanced and accurate understanding of what the city is really like.

This can help break down misconceptions and give us a more complete picture of Mumbai's diversity and complexity.

What geography is in this image of Mumbai? Pause the video here whilst you take a closer look, and like Aisha said, look for clues about both physical and human geography.

Press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Let's see if you managed to get some of the answers that I found.

You might have noticed that there are many high-rise buildings, there's flat land, there's commercial and residential land use, it's very built up, but we can see some green spaces, there are electricity pylons, there's quite a lot of traffic, but there's also road and rail networks, and it looks like there might be a high population density from the image.

Sam and Lucas are having a discussion.

Who is correct? Sam said, \"One image can tell us everything we need to know about Mumbai.\" And Lucas has said, \"Using a selection of different images can help us to build up a better understanding of what Mumbai is like.\" Pause the video here whilst you have a think, who is correct? Press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The person who is correct is Lucas.

What images would you select to represent the place where you live? Pause here whilst do you have a think, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

You might want to use a variety of different images to showcase your area.

You might want to focus on your main street where you live, maybe your high road, maybe some local parks, where some businesses are or where some schools are, or maybe you have some fascinating historical monuments there that you might want to photograph.

Well done on this task.

You've done very well.

I would like you to look at this image of Mumbai and list what clues you can see about the physical and human geography.

Pause the video here whilst you complete this task, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Brilliant work.

Before we go through the answers, I would now like you to repeat the activity for as many of these images as you can.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

Let's now check our answers.

Your answers might have included some of the following points.

For the first image, some of the clues you might have found out are: it is by a large body of water; there's vegetation and people's clothing which suggests a warm climate; tourism and leisure activities are noticeable in the image; and there are high rise buildings, so these might be residential.

In the next image, you might have identified that there might be high population density, tree painted in colours of the Indian flag, infrastructure like roads, different forms of public transport, and people's clothing suggesting a warm climate.

See how we've been able to identify so much from just one image? Let's keep going.

On this image, you might have identified very built up, but some green spaces; we can see that it's quite flat land; many high-rise buildings, these might be commercial or residential or both; construction work suggests that the area is going under further development; and we can see from there that it might have a high population density.

This is another image that we looked at.

We can see people might be shopping in a market; fruit and vegetables, if they're grown locally, suggest a warm climate; and stalls are covered to protect from the rain and/or the sun.

As we know, India has really, really high temperatures, but we also know it has lots of rain as well.

This image, we can infer that there is a railway; residential buildings in the background potentially; the quality of housing, does it look like it's good quality or does it look like it's low quality? And open train doors and windows suggest a warm climate, as there might not be air conditioning on the train.

Well done on this task.

You've done brilliantly.

We're now going to explore our second question of today's lesson, why is Mumbai called a global city? As one of the largest cities in India, Mumbai plays a crucial role in the country's economy, being a hub for finance, business, and entertainment.

It is home to India's famous film industry, Bollywood, and it is a melting pot of cultures, languages, and religions, making it a unique and dynamic city.

Mumbai is one of the most populous cities in India, with a population of over 20 million people.

It's not only one of the largest cities in the country, but it's also among the most densely populated cities in the world.

This means that despite its vast size, Mumbai is home to a very high number of people per square kilometre.

The city's population is constantly growing, which makes it a vibrant, bustling place with a lot of energy, but it also creates challenges in terms of housing, transport, and infrastructure.

People from all over India, even from other countries, come to Mumbai to work, study, and live, contributing to its diverse culture.

Despite the challenges that come with being so densely populated, Mumbai remains a city of opportunity, excitement, and constant change.

Sam said, \"Around 22 million people live in Mumbai!\" That's a lot of people.

Global cities are cities that are highly connected to other parts of the world and are recognised for their significant impact on global affairs.

These cities are important not just within their own countries, but also on the international stage.

And there are major cities for: business.

Global cities are hubs for major industries and corporate headquarters.

They attract international companies and entrepreneurs, making them central to global trade and commerce.

Culture.

These cities often lead in the arts, entertainment, and fashion, influencing cultural trends around the world.

They are home to world-renowned museums, theatres, restaurants, and music scenes.

Finance.

Global cities like Mumbai are key players in the world of finance, hosting stock exchanges, financial institutions, and markets that have global economic influence.

In addition to these, global cities often play an important role in politics, technology, and education, contributing to shaping global decisions and trends.

Mumbai, as one of the most important cities in India, serves as a key global city, especially in finance and business.

Izzy has said, \"Global cities are sometimes called world cities.\" Can you identify the other global cities shown in these photographs? Pause the video here whilst you take a closer look, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

We have New York in the USA, we have London in the UK, Tokyo in Japan, and Sydney in Australia.

Well done if you managed to identify those correctly.

Mumbai is a perfect example of a city that holds dual importance as both a global city and a megacity.

Global cities are not just large, but they have significant influence on a global scale.

These cities are major centres for business, culture, finance, and politics.

Mumbai is India's financial capital, home to the Bombay Stock Exchange, major banks, and international companies.

It also plays a pivotal role in the global film industry, with Bollywood producing more films than any other city in the world.

As a hub for trade, culture, and innovation, Mumbai's impact reaches far beyond the borders of India, influencing global markets, trends, and even international relations.

Megacities are cities with populations exceeding 10 million people.

Mumbai is one of the largest cities in the world, with a population of over 20 million people.

Its size and growth reflect a major urbanisation trend, as more people move to the city in search of jobs, better living conditions, and educational opportunities.

This rapid urbanisation has led to challenges such as overcrowding, pollution, and the need for sustainable infrastructure, but it also highlights Mumbai's importance in a global context.

It's not just a big in terms of population; it's economy, cultural output, and regional influence are massive as well.

Being both a global city and a megacity, Mumbai serves as a gateway to India, and plays a crucial role in connecting the country with the rest of the world.

This makes it an essential part of global commerce, culture, and politics.

As the city grows and continues to evolve, it will remain a key player on the world stage.

Aisha has said, \"There are several other megacities in India including New Delhi, Kolkata, Bengaluru, and Chennai.\" True or false? Global cities are cities with more than 10 million inhabitants.

Pause the video here whilst you decide if this statement is true or false, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

This statement is false.

I would now like you to explain why this statement is false.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue Excellent work.

The reason why this statement is false is because global cities are well-connected cities that are recognised as being of global importance.

Megacities are cities with more than 10 million inhabitants.

Not all global cities are megacities.

Mumbai is both a global city and megacity.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly.

Mumbai is known for its very high population density, meaning there are a large number of people living in a relatively small area.

This can be seen in how much of the land is developed and used for housing, businesses, and infrastructure.

If you look at the map of Mumbai's land cover, you'll notice that most of the city is covered by built-up areas.

These include buildings, roads, and other structures that support the daily activities of a large population.

However, it's not all urbanised.

There are also areas with trees, which provide some greenery and help improve air quality.

Flooded vegetation which is found in low-lying areas is another important feature of Mumbai's landscape.

Crops and rangeland, which are used for farming and grazing animals, are less common, but still exist on the outskirts of the city.

Overall, the map shows a busy and heavily urbanised city, but it also highlights how different types of land cover contribute to the city's environment and economy.

Mumbai plays a vital role in global trade and connectivity.

Thanks to its strategic location on the western coast of India, it is well connected to major trading routes, making it one of the most important ports in the country.

Mumbai has two major ports that handle a large proportion of India's container trade, helping to facilitate the flow of goods both within India and internationally.

In addition to its maritime connections, Mumbai is also a hub for transportation within India.

The Bandra-Worli Sea Link, an iconic bridge, connects key parts of the city and is example of Mumbai's modern infrastructure.

This bridge, along with the city's extensive road networks, helps ease traffic and connect different areas efficiently.

Mumbai is also well linked by rail and air.

The city's railway system is one of the busiest in the world, carrying millions of passengers each day.

Mumbai's international airport connects the city to global destinations, making it a major gateway for international travel and business.

Together, these transport links ensure that Mumbai remains a global city with access to markets and people around the world.

This makes the city a key player in both India's economy and the global economy.

True or false? It is difficult to travel from Mumbai to other places in India and internationally.

Pause the video here whilst you decide if this statement is true or false, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

This statement is false.

I would now like you to explain why this statement is false.

Pause here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why this statement is false is because Mumbai has good transport links and is well connected by sea, road, rail, and air with other parts of India and the rest of the world.

Well done if you managed to explain that correctly.

Mumbai's significance as the financial capital of India goes beyond just being home to major stock exchanges like the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange.

These exchanges not only facilitate the trading of stocks and bonds, but also serve as the heartbeat of India's capital markets.

As one of the largest stock exchanges in the world, the city is a magnet for international investments, with a number of different transnational companies establishing their offices in Mumbai, particularly in the industries such as finance, technology, and media.

Major banks like the State Bank of India, along with global financial giants like JP Morgan and Citibank, have their operations based here, making Mumbai a key player in global finance.

Mumbai also serves as the hub for India's vibrant banking sector, housing the Reserve Bank of India, which is the central bank of the country, regulating and overseeing the financial system.

The city also plays a central role in India's booming insurance sector, with several leading companies offering life, health, and general insurance.

On a global scale, Mumbai acts as a bridge between India's financial markets and the international community, further cementing its position as an influential city in the global economic sphere.

The level of connectivity not only strengthens India's economy, but it also enhances Mumbai's role as a key financial centre in Asia and the world.

In summary, Mumbai is not just a city of financial institutions; it is dynamic and thriving hub where finance, business, and innovation all mix together, making it a driving force behind India's economic progress and connecting it to global economies.

Sam has said, \"Mumbai is the wealthiest city in India.\" Mumbai's thriving economy has generated a great deal of wealth, making it one of the most economically prosperous cities in India.

With its rapid growth in finance, business, and technology, the city has become a hub for both national and international wealth generation.

As a result, Mumbai is home to the highest number of billionaires of any city in India.

In fact, Mumbai is often referred to as the billionaires' capital of Asia, a title that highlights its significant role in Asia's economic landscape.

Aisha has said, \"Property in Mumbai is becoming some of the most expensive in the world!\" And while Mumbai is a city of immense wealth, it is also a place where stark contrasts exist, with the city's wealth juxtaposed against significant poverty.

However, the sheer concentration of billionaires in Mumbai shows how the city is a magnet for business opportunities, entrepreneurship, and wealth creation, making it a key player not only in India, but also on the global stage.

Mumbai is a vibrant and diverse city with a range of industries that contribute significantly to its economy.

Here are some of the key industries in Mumbai.

Mumbai is known as the entertainment capital of India.

It's home to Bollywood, the Hindi language film industry.

The city produces a large number of films every year, drawing millions of viewers both in India and abroad.

In addition to film production, Mumbai is also a hub for television, advertising, digital media, and other forms of entertainment.

Mumbai is the financial capital of India, housing the Bombay Stock Exchange and the Reserve Bank of India.

The city is home to a wide range of financial institutions, including banks, investment firms, and insurance companies.

Mumbai has a well-developed healthcare industry, with numerous private and government hospitals, clinics, and research institutions.

The city is known for its medical expertise, and attracts patients from all over the country and even internationally for advanced treatments and surgeries.

Mumbai is a major centre for IT and software industry.

The city hosts a large number of IT companies, from global tech giants to startups, offering services in software development, digital marketing, and IT consulting.

Mumbai has a strong manufacturing sector, with its industries like textiles, chemicals, and food processing, and consumer goods being prominent.

The city's manufacturing base contributes significantly to India's industrial output and provides employment to a large number of people.

Mumbai's real estate sector is one of the most lucrative in India.

The city's property market includes residential, commercial, and industrial real estate.

With its growing population and business opportunities, demand for both residential and office spaces remains high, driving continuous development.

Mumbai is strategically located along the Arabian Sea and its home to India's largest port.

The city's shipping industry plays a major role in international trade, handling a significant portion of India's cargo and contributing to global supply chains.

It is also a popular destination for both domestic and international tourists.

The city's attractions, such as the Gateway of India, Marine Drive, and historical monuments, draw millions of visitors each year.

Additionally, Mumbai has a thriving hospitality industry, with a lot of hotels, restaurants, and entertainment venues catering to tourists.

These industries, along with many others, make Mumbai one of the most important and dynamic cities in India and in the world, contributing to its status as both a global city and a megacity.

Lucas has said, \"Mumbai accounts for 25% of India's industrial output!\" That's a lot.

Mumbai is not only a hub for business and finance, but also a major centre for the arts and culture.

One of the most significant cultural contributions of the city is Bollywood, the Hindi language film industry, which is based in Mumbai.

Bollywood is one of the largest and most influential film industries in the world, producing hundreds of films each year.

It is renowned for its vibrant music, dance, and storytelling, which are integral elements of Bollywood films. The industry has a massive global following, especially among Indian communities worldwide, and its influence extends far beyond India's borders.

In addition to Bollywood, Mumbai has a thriving art scene, with lots of galleries, theatres, and cultural events.

The city is home to a rich diversity of traditional and contemporary art forms, from classical dance music to modern visual arts.

Mumbai also hosts several prominent cultural festivals, such as the Mumbai Film Festival, where both local and international artists showcase their work.

Izzy has said, \"More than 1000 films are produced in Bollywood every year!\" That's a lot of films. What percentage of India's industrial output does Mumbai account for? Is it A 5%; B, 15%; C, 25%; D, 35%? Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is C, 25%.

Well done if you managed to get that correct.

I would now like you to explain why Mumbai is called a global city.

I would like you to include different reasons in your answers.

Aisha has said, \"Think about why the city is important and how it is connected to the rest of the world.\" Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic work.

Let's check our answers.

Here is a possible answer.

Mumbai is called a global city because of its importance for business, culture, and finance.

The city is also well connected by rail, sea, air, and road with other parts of India and internationally.

Mumbai is India's financial capital and makes a significant contribution to the country's economy.

It is the wealthiest city in India and one of the wealthiest cities in the world.

Many different industries are based in Mumbai and the city accounts for 25% of India's industrial output.

Mumbai is also of cultural importance.

It is home of Bollywood, one of the largest film industries in the world.

Excellent work on this task.

I hope you managed to include some of those points in your answer.

We've now come to the end of our learning in the lesson, Mumbai a global city, and you have done brilliantly.

But before we end this lesson, let's summarise everything we've learnt in today's lesson.

Mumbai is a global city that serves as a hub for finance, culture, business, and innovation.

It's one of the most well-connected cities in the world, making it an essential part of global economic networks.

Good transport and financial links across the world allow people and goods to flow in and out of the city with ease, contributing to its rapid growth and development.

With a population of over 20 million, Mumbai is one of the largest cities in India.

Its population has surged over the years due to its status as a megacity.

The city is an economic powerhouse, contributing significantly to India's economy and global trade.

As the financial capital of India, Mumbai hosts major financial institutions such as the Bombay Stock Exchange and the Reserve Bank of India and many transnational corporations.

Its financial sector plays a really important role in the economic wellbeing of the entire nation.

The city's financial strength has also led to a rise in property values, making Mumbai one of the most expensive cities in the world to live and work in.

The real estate market has seen incredible demand for both commercial and residential properties.

Mumbai also accounts for 25% of India's industrial output, making it an essential hub for manufacturing and production.

The city is home to a diverse range of industries, including textiles, chemicals, technology, and machinery.

Mumbai's industrial strength is further boosted by its major ports that handle a significant portion of India's container trade, making it a key player in global trade networks.

On top of its economic importance, Mumbai is also known for its vibrant arts and culture scene.

The city is home to Bollywood, one of the largest and most influential film industries in the world.

Bollywood produces more films each year than Hollywood and is known for its lively music, dance, and dramatic storytelling.

The films produced here are enjoyed not only by people in India, but by millions around the world.

And Bollywood has helped shape India's global cultural identity, and Mumbai as its base attracts talent, filmmakers, and actors from all over the world.

As a global city, Mumbai's importance extends beyond just being a commercial centre.

Its economic influence, cultural vibrancy, and strategic position in global trade make it a really important player on the world stage.

Despite its challenges, including high population density and rising property prices, Mumbai remains a beacon of growth and opportunity for both residents and businesses alike.

Well done in today's lesson.

You've done brilliantly, and I look forward to learning with you again very soon.

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