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I can use a range of punctuation for effect in poetry.

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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2023), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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Key learning points

Punctuation is important in poetry as it shows the reader when to pause for meaning or dramatic effect.
The same punctuation we use to write ordinarily can also be used in poetry.
Colons can be used to introduce an idea or list.
Enjambment is when lines of poetry flow onto each other, creating a fast pace.
Caesura is when there is a pause in the middle of a line, to draw attention to a particular idea or slow the pace.

Common misconception

Pupils may think that the same punctuation rules apply in poetry and other types of writing (e.g. full stops are needed at the end of lines).

Poems are not bound to formal punctuation rules. Having flexibility allows the poet to shape their poem based on emotion rather than grammar rules.

Keywords

Caesura - a pause in the middle of a line of poetry
Enjambment - when lines of poetry flow onto each other, creating a fast pace
Colon - a punctuation mark used to introduce a list, quotation or explanation

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Hello, it's great to see you today.

Welcome to a lesson on using punctuation in poetry.

I'm Miss Sutherland and I'll be teaching you today.

I can't wait to look at all the wonderful ways in which we can use punctuation in our poetry writing today.

Our Learning Outcome for today is to be able to use a range of punctuation for effect in poetry.

Let's read through our three Keywords for today's lesson.

The first is caesura.

A caesura is a pause in the middle of a line of poetry.

We'll be looking at exactly why a poet may want to use caesura in their writing later in the lesson.

Enjambment is our next Keyword.

Enjambment is when lines of poetry flow onto each other, creating a fast pace.

So you might think of caesura and enjambment as having the opposite effect, whereas caesura creates a slow pace, because we pause in the middle of a line.

Enjambment creates a fast pace, because we have no pauses when enjambment is used.

And our last Keyword is colon.

A colon is a punctuation mark used to introduce a list, quotation or explanation.

We'll be also looking at how we can use a colon in our writing today as well.

So pause the video now and have a reread and reflect upon the three Keywords there.

Great, let's move on.

We're going to start off with learning about different punctuation in poetry.

What punctuation we might see being used often in poetry, and what's the purpose of punctuation in poetry.

In our second Learning Cycle, we'll look at two very important examples of punctuation use, and they are enjambment and caesura.

So let's start off now with learning about different punctuation in poetry.

I want you to discuss, do you think punctuation is important in poetry, why or why not? Pause the video and discuss.

So this is a really interesting question, because poetry doesn't follow the rules of regular prose that we read.

It doesn't have to follow the same punctuation rules as let's say, a novel.

So maybe that has affected your answer, but punctuation is important in poetry.

Let's talk about why.

Firstly, poems are designed to be read aloud.

So punctuation is important in letting the reader know where to pause for meaning, emphasis, or dramatic effect.

Can you imagine if a poem had no punctuation whatsoever? The reader would run out of breath when they're reading the poem, and it wouldn't necessarily allow the listener to reflect upon the poem's content if there's no pauses for emphasis or dramatic effect.

Secondly, punctuation serves the important function of making your content and ideas clear to the reader, as it would in any other piece of writing.

So just as a full stop tells us where we end a sentence, or a comma tells us where we might separate items in a list, that same punctuation in poetry clarifies meaning as it does in any other text.

Now the second question I want you to discuss is what are the different types of punctuation you have seen used in poetry? Pause the video and discuss that one.

Hopefully, you would have said that all punctuation that we use to write stories, articles, and other forms of writing can also be used in poems. Let's take a look.

So this is stanza from Lemn Sissay's, \"Anthem of the North.\" Let's look at the type of punctuation he uses.

\"And they come in waves to kiss our coast- urged on by the North Wind The surge of river greets the Sea \"Come in,\" it says, \"Come in\" Now let's take a look at the punctuation that Sissay has used in this stanza.

Discuss what punctuation do you notice in Lemn Sissay's, \"Anthem of the North.\" Pause the video and discuss.

Let's go through all the types of punctuation that Lemn Sissay uses.

So in this stanza, we see a dash being used and speech marks being used.

Now I want you to discuss what is the purpose of each piece of punctuation that Sissay uses in this stanza.

So why does Sissay use a dash and why does Sissay use speech marks? Pause the video and reflect upon the purpose of each piece of punctuation.

Off you go.

Now, let's go through what you may have said.

The dash could emphasise the importance of the North Wind.

So let's read the stanza once more to clarify exactly what we mean by that.

\"And they come in waves to kiss our coast- Urged on by the North Wind Can you see there how the dash forces the reader to pause and everything after the dash is therefore emphasised? So what Sissay could be trying to show is that tourists flock to the North of England, and it's because the North Wind urges them on, the North Wind beckons them.

And he's really emphasising the importance of the North Wind and the majesticity and power of the North Wind by using that dash.

Now, why might Sissay use speech marks? The speech marks could help to characterise the North as welcoming.

So inside those speech marks are the words, \"Come in, come in.\" And that's what the North of England is saying.

So with the speech marks, Sissay has personified the North, it's given it speech.

Even though we know that a place can't actually talk.

So via the speech marks, we get to know the North as a welcoming character.

I hope that's allowed you to see how punctuation really does have a powerful effect in poetry.

Let's answer this question to check your understanding of what we've talked about so far in the lesson.

What is true about punctuation in poetry? A, it is unnecessary.

B, it helps the reader know when to pause when reading aloud or C, only full stops can be used.

Pause the video and answer that question.

Well done, if you said, it's true that in poetry, punctuation helps the reader know when to pause when reading aloud.

And that's really important to help the listener understand the content of the poem, but also helps the listener to understand what phrases are very important and what phrases should be reflected upon in the poem.

We're now going to look at colons, because colons are a very sophisticated type of punctuation that are often used, that's often used in poems. And I want you to be able to create your very own poem with a colon in it today.

Colons can have multiple uses in poetry.

Colons can be used to introduce a list, to introduce a quote, and to introduce an explanation.

I'm going to put three example phrases on the screen.

I want you to discuss which example matches each purpose.

So here are your three examples of colons being used in poetry.

My father always told me: \"No matter how far you are, you will always carry home in your heart.\" Home has everything I need: comfort, family, and peace.

Home is my favourite place: it holds my happiest memories.

So your job now is to discuss which example from the right matches each purpose of using colons from the left.

Pause the video and discuss that now.

Let's go through what you may have said.

So to introduce a list, you should have matched that with, Home has everything I need: comfort, family, and peace.

You can see the colon there introduces the list of things that home has, that the writer deems very important to their life.

Notice also how the list is broken up with a comma and the word AND.

The list has three items in it altogether.

Now let's look at how he can use a colon to introduce a quote.

My father always told me: \"No matter how far you are, you will always carry home in your hearts.\" See how the colon there is used to introduce what the person's father had said.

And lastly, how can we use a colon to introduce an explanation? Home is my favourite place: it holds my happiest memories.

Notice there how the colon is used to explain why home is that person's favourite place.

Home is that person's favourite place, because it holds their happiest memories.

So in that example, you can see how the colon almost acts as a silent because.

Very well done, on matching each purpose of using a colon to each example there, I hope you'll be able to use a colon competently in your own poetry.

Now, I want you to rewrite the poem below, adding in the following pieces of punctuation.

So you need to add a colon, speech marks, a comma, and a full stop to the poem below that is missing punctuation.

Let's have a read of the poem as it is.

I scuttle down to the river bank Teary eyed The ripples whispered You belong here The sun teased You always have Notice there how there was no pause for meaning, there was no pause for emphasis, when I read that aloud.

I read it very quickly because of the lack of punctuation.

And I read every line in the same voice, also because of the lack of punctuation.

So now rewrite the poem, adding in the following pieces of punctuation to make it more powerful.

Pause the video and off you go.

Here's what you could have written.

I scuttled down to the river bank, Teary eyed.

The ripples whispered: \"You belong here.\" The sun teased: \"You always have.\" Notice there how the ripples and the sun have been given speech.

Therefore, \"You belong here,\" and \"You always have,\" are put in speech marks.

Very well done on completing that task.

Let's read the poem with all the punctuation in it and let's see how that makes it more powerful and alters the meaning of it.

I scuttled down to the riverbank, Teary eyed.

The ripples whispered: \"You belong here.\" And the sun teased: \"You always have.\" Notice how the punctuation has really added meaning to that poem and has allowed us to connect with that poem even more.

Let's move on now to using enjambment and caesura in our poetry.

When there is punctuation in the middle of a line of poetry, it is called caesura.

You can create caesura with a comma, full stop, semicolon or colon, because all of those pieces of punctuation create a pause.

Now where is the caesura in the poem below? Home is where I go after a long day I place my bag down And my worries Home: my refuge.

Pause the video and and reflect upon where the caesura is in the poem below.

Well done, if you said caesura is created in the final line with a colon.

We pause after the word home.

Now I want you to reflect upon what the purpose of the caesura is in that final line.

Why did the poet choose to add a colon after the word home? Pause the video and discuss.

The caesura here has the purpose of revealing what home means to the writer.

So the phrase after the caesura, \"my refuge\" is emphasised so the reader can reflect on how home is so important to the writer.

So take note, you can use a caesura to reveal a very important message to your reader.

Now let's check your understanding of what we've discussed.

What is a caesura? Pause the video and have a think.

Well done if you said a caesura is when there is a pause in the middle of a line of poetry.

And you can create caesura using a full stop, a comma, a semicolon, or a colon.

Now, we can also talk about lack of punctuation in a poem, and this is called enjambment.

Here's an example of enjambment being used in, \"Anthem of the North,\" by Lemn Sissay.

This is the backbone of Britain And they say it is cold But there is nothing warmer Than a Northern Soul Writers may use enjambment to speed up the pace of the poem or build a sense of urgency.

So why do you think Sissay used enjambment here? Pause the video and discuss.

Sissay may have used enjambment here to build a sense of excitement and curiosity about the North.

He keeps the reader very engaged and excited to learn about the North with his use of enjambment.

So when you create your own poem, bear in mind that you could use enjambment to speed up the pace and build excitement.

Now, I want you to create a short poem about your home using enjambment and caesura.

Use the table below to help you use each technique effectively.

So caesura is when there is a pause in the middle of a line.

And you may use this to slow the pace or draw attention to an idea.

Remember the phrase after the caesura or word after the caesura is often the one that we emphasise.

An enjambment, enjambment is when lines of poetry flow onto each other, creating a fast pace.

So enjambment is essentially lack of punctuation and lack of pause in a poem.

And enjambment can quicken the pace of your poem and build excitement, tension, or suspense.

So pause the video now.

Create a short poem about your home using enjambment and caesura.

Pause the video and get writing.

Excellent effort there, to use some really complex techniques effectively.

Here's a snippet of Sofia's poem.

It is people that make a home Mum.

Jake.

Mary.

Me.

Mum singing as she makes us pancakes on a Sunday morning.

Now I want you to reflect upon Sofia's poem.

Why do you think Sofia has used the enjambment and caesura in the places she has? Pause the video and reflect.

So perhaps Sofia uses caesura in the second line to show the importance of each family member.

And towards the end of the poem, perhaps enjambment is used to reflect the writer Sofia, basking in the memory of her mum making pancakes.

The fast pace created by the enjambment gives us a sense of her getting lost in the memory and not stopping, because she wants to recall every detail.

Now, I want you to reread your own poem.

Annotate why you used caesura and enjambment in the places you did.

Pause the video and reflect on your own work now.

Great job, everyone.

I hope you're really proud of the poems you've created and the way in which you've used punctuation in them.

Here's what we've learned today.

Punctuation is important in poetry, as it shows the reader when to pause for meaning or dramatic effect.

The same punctuation we use to write ordinarily, can also be used in poetry.

Colons can be used to introduce an idea or list.

Enjambment is when lines of poetry flow onto each other, creating a fast pace.

And caesura is when there is a pause in the middle of a line of poetry to draw attention to a particular idea or slow the pace.

Thank you so much for joining me in today's lesson.

I hope to see you in another lesson very soon.

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"used to end a sentence" } }, { "left": { "text": "comma" }, "right": { "text": "separates items in a list" } }, { "left": { "text": "exclamation mark" }, "right": { "text": "express surprise or shock" } }, { "left": { "text": "colon" }, "right": { "text": "introduces items in a list" } } ], "id": "9fad4ff7-14c0-d0b5-02e9-d47a8f1b35dd", "lessonId": "f28b0cca-a09d-e302-5b22-6ceb46f64d61" }, { "type": "Question", "question": { "text": "What is the primary purpose of punctuation?" }, "questionType": "Multiple choice", "correct": [ { "text": "make your content and ideas clear" } ], "choices": [ { "text": "make your content and ideas clear" }, { "text": "elicit an emotional reaction from readers" }, { "text": "persuade the reader about something" } ], "id": "a48789b6-7201-53fc-47f5-dbf019052ba4", "lessonId": "f28b0cca-a09d-e302-5b22-6ceb46f64d61" }, { "type": "Question", "question": { "text": "Where could a colon go in the following sentence: 'Home isn't just a place it's a feeling of 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