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I can spell words using the suffix -ness.

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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2023), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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Key learning points

The suffix -ness turns adjectives into abstract nouns.
For most words, just add the suffix -ness.
When a word ends in ‘y’, replace the ‘y’ with ‘i’, then add the suffix -ness.
How to spell the curriculum words: heart, accident and accidentally.

Common misconception

The children mis-spell words ending in -ness with root words ending in 'y'.

Focus on the pronounciation of the word. Stretch it slowly: happ-i-ness. The 'i' can be heard clearly making the 'ee' sound.

Keywords

Noun - a naming word for a person, place or thing
Abstract noun - a type of noun that names an idea or quality that cannot be seen
Root word - the base word from which other words are formed often by adding prefixes or suffixes
Suffix - a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning.

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Hello, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spellings, and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that, something to write with and write on and someone or something to talk to would be brilliant as well.

Okay, let's get right into today's spelling lesson then.

In this lesson, we're going to be using the suffix -ness.

The outcome will be, I can spell words using the suffix -ness.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Make sure I can hear you saying these back to me, and please keep an eye and ear out for them as they're really key to today's learning.

My turn, your turn then.

Suffix.

Root word.

Noun.

Abstract noun.

Brilliant.

Thank you for saying those back to me.

So here are the definitions of those keywords then.

A suffix is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word, which can change its meaning, create a new word.

The suffix we are adding today is -ness.

The root word is that base word onto which we add that suffix, but we can also add prefixes.

A noun is a naming word for a person, place, or thing.

And an abstract noun is specific type of noun.

It's a noun that names an idea or quality, which we cannot see or touch.

Love, happiness, generosity.

These are examples of abstract nouns.

So today we are going to be taking root words and adding the -ness suffix to them to create nouns, and in particular, a certain type of noun, an abstract noun.

So here's the outline.

We're using that suffix -ness.

We're gonna begin by looking at using that suffix.

Then we're gonna have a go at spelling some words using that suffix.

And finally we're gonna spell some curriculum words.

Let's get on with using the suffix -ness then.

Remember that a suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word.

Unlike prefixes, suffixes can change the words tense or word class.

Here we have the root word joy.

To that word I've added ful to create the word joyful.

Here we have tranquil.

I'm adding the suffix ity to create the word tranquillity.

Here we have the root word deep.

Deep is an adjective.

If I add the en suffix, it creates the verb deepen.

So we can see here that adding suffixes can change a word class.

Interestingly, these suffixes here haven't changed the spelling of the root word, but this won't always be the case.

Certain root words and certain suffixes will require the spelling of that root word to change.

There are lots of different types of suffixes.

Remember that today we are concentrating on the -ness suffix at the end of words, different suffixes can create words with different word class.

Abstract nouns then.

Abstract nouns are a type of thing.

They have no physical form, so they're a noun, but not a noun that we can touch or feel.

They're not common nouns or proper nouns.

They can be created using the suffix -ness, -ity and -tion, spelled T-I-O-N.

Let's have a look at some.

Tiredness.

That -ness suffix is an abstract noun.

Generosity.

Operation.

Brightness.

Notice here how we have a variety of suffixes.

We have our -ness that we're concentrating on today, but we also have -ity and -tion.

These suffixes can all create abstract nouns.

They change the word cast of the root word.

They are names of ideas, qualities or states that cannot be seen or touched.

Words ending in -ness are usually which word class? Pause the video.

Are they adjectives, nouns or verbs? Pause the video and select your correct answer now.

Fantastic.

Absolutely they are nouns.

And you can see it's in bold here.

It's one of the keywords we're looking at today.

The suffix -ness then turns adjectives into abstract nouns.

So remember, suffixes can change the word class of the root word onto which they are added.

I do not like cold showers! Cold here is an adjective.

It is a word that is describing the shower, the coldness spread through her body on the snowy day.

Coldness here is that state.

The word coldness is a thing.

It's a noun.

And in particular, it's an abstract noun.

I can't touch that coldness.

I can't feel that coldness there, but I know it's there.

It's an abstract noun.

What word class here are kind and kindness? Read the sentences and decide their word class.

Pause the video and have a think.

Brilliant.

The kind neighbour gave her a warm cup of tea.

Kind here is an adjective.

It is describing the noun, which is the neighbour here.

I was so grateful for her kindness.

The word kindness now having taken that adjective kind and added the -ness suffix has become a quality, a noun, a thing.

It is an abstract noun.

I was so grateful for her kindness.

She has kindness.

It's a thing, not something I can touch or feel, an abstract noun.

So for our practise task here, I'd like you to look carefully at the root words on the left and look at their related noun ending in the suffix -ness.

We have happy, sad, lonely, dark, and aware as our root words.

These are adjectives.

They've been changed to the nouns sadness, darkness, happiness, awareness, and loneliness, many of which are abstract nouns.

Pause the video and match those new nouns to their root words.

Whilst you're doing this as well, consider has the spelling of those root words changed at all? What do you notice? 'Cause that will help us moving forward into our next learning cycle.

Pause the video, match those root words and those new nouns now.

Off you go.

Brilliant job, team.

Let's see how you've done them.

Happy became happiness as an abstract noun.

Notice there that my why has been replaced by an I, as often happens with many suffixes that we add.

Sad, become sadness.

There it just ended in a consonant, so we added -ness.

Lonely, similar to happiness, remove the Y and add I-N-E-S-S to create that abstract noun.

Dark has become darkness and aware has become awareness.

Brilliant.

How did you do that? Did you manage to match those root words to their new abstract nouns once the -ness suffix was added.

Pause the video, check, make any corrections.

Off you go.

Onto our next learning cycle then.

We've looked at using that -ness suffix to create abstract nouns, and we've looked at some examples of those abstract nouns.

We're now going to have a think about spelling words using that -ness suffix.

So the -ness suffix starts with a consonant, an N.

This means that the root word usually doesn't have to change when the suffix is added.

Sad becomes sadness.

Ill becomes illness.

Calm becomes calmness.

Dark becomes darkness.

Fit becomes fitness.

These are all nouns with the -ness suffix.

If the root word has more than one syllable and ends in the consonant Y, then the Y is replaced by an I before the suffix.

Remember, a syllable is that beat in the word lazy.

And we can see here, lazy two syllables ending in a Y, and we're adding -ness.

So I take away the Y and add I to create laziness and happy, two syllables, root word ending in a Y.

Remove the Y and add I-N-E-S-S to create the abstract noun happiness.

This rule is similar to other suffixes such as L-Y-F-U-L and L-E-S-S.

So two syllables or more than one syllable, sorry, ending in a Y, lazy, whoosh, remove the Y, add I-N-E-S-S.

Happy, two syllables, ending in a Y.

Whoosh, remove the Y, add I-N-E-S-S.

So our rule here is remove the Y, add I-N-E-S-S.

So have a look.

Have a look at these three root words down below for me.

Can you put them in the correct column, and what will happen, and how will our new nouns be spelled when we add our -ness suffix? Sad is gonna become sadness.

Happy will become happiness, ill will become illness and lazy will become laziness.

Think about the rules we just looked at.

What are the root words ending, consonants, Y's? How many syllables do they have? Pause the video, put 'em in the correct column and have a go at spelling our new nouns now of our -ness suffix.

Off you go.

Brilliant job, team.

Really great work.

Could see lots of consideration to the root word.

Remember looking at the root word will really help us when adding suffixes to spell the new words we are looking at.

Remember today we are creating nouns.

So let's see how you've done then.

Sad and ill both ended in consonants, and because our -ness stuff already has a consonant, the most common rule there is we just add the -ness on.

So it's become sadness and illness.

Happy and lazy though had two syllables, didn't they? More than one syllable.

Happy, lazy, and they ended in that Y.

So I had to remove the Y and add I-N-E-S-S to create happiness and laziness.

If the root word has more than one syllable, remember, and it ends in the consonant Y, then the Y is replaced with an I before we add that suffix.

Remember that rule.

Similar to many other suffixes.

So for our practise task now, I'd like you to have a go at turning these words into abstract nouns by adding the suffix -ness.

We have the adjectives, sad, happy, dark, and lazy.

So we want to create the abstract nouns, sadness, happiness, darkness, and laziness.

Consider the rules we've looked at for adding this suffix.

Look carefully at the root words.

Think of the spelling patterns and also read your words and check.

Does the spelling match to how you think it should be when you say the word? Pause the video now and have a go at adding our ness suffix to these words.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

Done a really, really good job there.

I'm really impressed.

Really careful considerations given to those root words.

So let's see how you've done.

I've seen sadness written in these ways.

Sadness and sadnes.

Phonetically, they both make sense, don't they? But we know we're adding -ness double S at the end, and sad ended in a consonant, so I just had to add -ness to create the word sadness, my abstract noun.

Happy becomes happiness.

Happy, two syllables ending in a Y.

What do I have to do that Y? Whoosh.

That's it.

Remove the Y and then add -ness to create the abstract noun happiness.

Dark ending in a consonant.

Again, dark, the spelling of that root word's not going to change, not gonna add a letter, so I didn't think my first one's right.

It's just gonna be that root word and then -ness.

Common rule is just adding that suffix.

And finally, lazy, lazy.

Two syllables there.

Ending in a Y.

Whoosh.

Remove the Y, add I-N-E-S-S.

Laziness.

That abstract noun.

Brilliant.

How did you do that? Did you make any natural mistakes? What success have you had? Do you remember those rules? Pause the video, share your learning and make any corrections now.

Off you go.

Onto our final learning cycle then, which is going to be spelling curriculum words.

So let's read some curriculum words then.

Curriculum words are those words that might have little bits of difficulty around the way that they're spelt.

They might have little bits that make them a bit trickier, but they're words which appear with great regularity across our reading and writing.

So it's really important that we're confident with spelling them.

So my turn, your turn, heart.

Heart.

And this is in the heart in your body.

The heart that pumps blood around your body.

Accident.

I had an accident and hurt myself.

And finally, accidentally.

Accidentally.

So have a think for me.

Have a say of these words again and consider what is tricky about them.

Pause the video and have a think.

Lovely, some great conversations going on there.

Some real consideration given to what makes these tricky, given how they sound and how they spelt.

So in heart is the fact this E-A-R is making an ear sound.

It's making an R sound, isn't it? So the E-A-R there, which can make many different sounds is making an R sound here.

It's quite an irregular sound for a spelling like that to make.

The way I like to remember this is there's an ear in heart.

Heart has E-A-R in the middle there.

That E-A-R spelling making that R sound.

In accident, there's a double C here.

And that C is making a soft C, isn't it? It's not accident, it's accident.

So it's making a soft C sound, two C's.

It's the same in accidentally.

If you can spell accidents, you now spell accidentally.

But the tricky thing here is remembering that double C.

And then we don't necessarily hear the A in A-L-L-Y.

I didn't say accidentally.

I don't really emphasise that A-L-Y, I say accidentally.

So remember it has that A-L-L-Y.

It's difficult to hear that A sometimes when you pronounce it.

So let's have a look at these words one more time.

We have heart, accident and accidentally.

Heart, there's an ear in heart, E-A-R.

Accident, double C.

Accidentally also double C, and then A double L-Y.

Importantly to remember that.

Because remember these are curriculum words, which are going to appear a lot in our reading and writing.

So with that in mind then, let's have a go and see if we can spot the correct spelling of these curriculum words.

Which is the correct spelling of the word heart? Remember, curriculum word.

What does heart have in it? Pause the video and point to it now.

Great.

Heart, remember there's an ear in heart, E-A-R, that EAR is making that R sound.

So this is our correct spelling here, and this is in your beating heart.

Accident.

Pause the video now and point to the correct spelling.

Brilliant.

Accident has a double C, doesn't it? And it's not making a hard C, it's making a soft C, accident, accident.

So it's making a bit of a combination there of sounds, isn't it? Accident.

So A-C-C-I-D-E-N-T, our correct one here.

It sounds like there's a, maybe an X.

So some of those, they make phonetic sense, but it's accident making that sound.

And if we now spell accident, then we know the most of how to spell accidentally, don't we.

Be careful with this one.

Accidentally, how do I spell that word? Off you go.

Great.

So if we know how to spell accident, we almost now spell accidentally, don't we? Now remember it's accident, and then A-L-L-Y, accidentally.

Some people may emphasise that part, accidentally, or some people might say accidentally.

So be careful, you can't always hear that A.

So given that these are such important words and they're going to appear so regularly, I think it's important that we then practise them and we take the time and use a strategy to help embed them into our long-term memories.

There are only clear patterns here, but there's strategies we can use to help memorise these.

So we're gonna use the look, cover, write, check strategy, a strategy I love because it allows you to be independent and also allows you to check your own work.

So you have those three spellings in front of you, heart, accident and accidentally.

And the first part of the strategy is always to look.

And by looking carefully at spellings, we are considering what's difficult, what's tricky about them, and thinking about those hard parts and putting 'em into our memories.

Then we cover up once you've had a really good look and we cover up so we can't see them.

So I've covered up hearts, I can't see it now.

And then have a go at writing heart, H-E-A-R-T, and then I check back and I see, oh, I made a mistake, I need to make a correction, or I got it correct.

And even if I get it correct, I don't just do it once, I'm gonna do it repetitively to really embed that spelling into my long-term memory.

I'm gonna use my best handwriting, of course, my script to really work on that motor memory, that muscle memory, the link between my hand and my brain as well.

So I want you to use the look, cover, write, check strategy now to practise writing heart, accident and accidentally, remember to look carefully and consider what's difficult about them and stick those bits in your memory as well.

Pause the video, use that strategy now to practise writing out heart, accident and accidentally a number of times.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

Did a really lovely job there.

Some brilliant handwriting I saw as well.

Make sure that you share your successes and if you made any magical mistakes, make the corrections now.

Share your work, make those corrections.

Off you go.

Great.

I'm hoping you now really are confident to use the spelling of heart, accident, accidentally in any writing or any work that you do.

Great job in spelling today, team.

We've been looking at adding the suffix -ness to words today.

Adding that suffix creates abstract nouns.

And an abstract noun is a type of noun that names an idea or quality that cannot be seen or touched.

Things like happiness.

The suffix -ness turns those adjectives into abstract nouns.

So we take the root words, which are adjectives, add -ness and then we create abstract nouns for most words because -ness ends in that consonant N or begins in that consonant N, I should say, we just have to add the -ness suffix.

But when the word ends in a Y and we have more than one syllable, we replace the Y of an I and then add the suffix -ness.

Brilliant job.

Keep up the great spelling, keep up the great practise.

See if you can spot any abstract nouns in your reading or writing.

I'll see you again soon.

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