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I can spell words using the suffixes -cial and -tial using spelling rules and exceptions.

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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2023), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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Key learning points

It is common to see a ‘c’ or a ‘t’ before the suffix -ial.
The /shul/ ending can be spelt -cial or -tial.
If the letter before the /shul/ ending is a consonant, -tial is usually used.
If the letter before the /shul/ ending is a vowel, -cial is usually used.
How to spell the curriculum words: separate, popular and opposite.

Common misconception

The wrong vowels are used in curriculum words: separate, popular and opposite.

Saying the words slowly 'how they are spelt' is a useful strategy to remember these tricky spellings, e.g. sep -ar -ate.

Keywords

Consonant - a sound that is made by blocking air in the mouth with the teeth, tongue, lips or palate
Vowel - a speech sound produced with an open mouth
Root word - the base word from which other words are formed often by adding prefixes or suffixes
Suffix - a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning

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Hi there, and welcome to today's spelling lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I love spelling and I'm really looking forward to teaching you.

We need for today's lesson, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that something to write with and write on will be excellent as well, as well as having something or someone to talk to.

Right then, let's get right into today's spelling lesson.

In this spelling lesson, we're going to be using the suffixes, C-I-A-L and T-I-A-L, which make a shul sound.

The outcome will be, I can spell words using the suffixes, C-I-A-L and T-I-A-L, using spelling rules and also looking at some exceptions.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Consonant.

Vowel.

Root word.

Suffix.

Thank you for saying those back to me.

Let's have a conversation about what these words mean then.

A consonant is a sound that is made by blocking air in the mouth with the teeth, tongue, lips or palette.

A vow is a speech sound produced with an open mouth, A, E, I, O, and U are examples of vowels.

A root word is the base word from which other words are formed, often by adding prefixes or suffixes.

And finally, a suffix is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to change its meaning.

And remember today we're adding C-I-A-L and T-I-A-L at the end of words and they both make a shul sound.

So here's the outline for today's lesson.

We're using the C-I-A-L and T-I-A-L and we're gonna look at them first.

Then we'll be spelling some curriculum words.

And finally we'll have a go at applying spelling, some of the words that we've been looking at today within a sentence.

So let's get on with looking at these suffixes then.

Remember that a suffix is a letter or group of letters that we add to the end of a word to create a new word.

Unlike prefixes, which come at the beginning of a word, suffixes often change the words tense or word class.

Kind and N-E-S-S as our suffix creates the new word kindness.

Joy with the suffix ful, creates the word joyful.

Deep adding E-N as the suffix creates deepen, changing its word class.

These are just three examples of suffixes and there are many more.

And remember today we're looking at C-I-A-L and T-I-A-L.

There are lots of different types of suffix.

Sometimes or some words with suffixes have root words.

We recognise and some don't.

Recognising the root word can really help us to know how the new word is going to be spelt.

So let's have a read of some words that contain the suffixes that we are looking at today.

Initial, saying that is initial occurs at the beginning or is the first thing.

If I would say to you, I'll give you my initial thoughts, they'd be the first thoughts that came into my head.

Artificial.

Say it one more time for me, artificial.

Something that's artificial is man-made, human made, not naturally occurring.

Confidential.

Something that's confidential needs to be kept secret.

Crucial.

Something that's crucial is key or important.

Essential.

Something that's essential is necessary and official.

Fantastic.

You'll notice that all of these words contain a shu or shul.

We can see here that that shul sound, shul suffix can be spelled T-I-A-L or C-I-A-L.

There are some spelling rules that help us to recognise when to use which spelling, either C-I-A-L or T-I-A-L.

And we're gonna review and go through these today as well as looking at some exceptions to the rules.

So the suffix shul can be spelled C-I-A-L or T-I-A-L.

Listen to the sound that comes before the shul can help you to decide which spelling you should use.

So look at the word social and facial here.

We have a vowel sound coming before that shul.

So we use the C-I-A spelling and that's our general rule here.

The words partial and confidential.

Brilliant.

We can see here or here and also see, the consonant before that shul.

So we use the T-I-A-L spelling.

And these are general rules.

If there's a consonant before the shul, we use T-I-A-L.

If it's a vowel before the shul, we use C-I-A-L.

There are some exceptions though to this spelling pattern, which do not follow these rules.

Exceptions are words that don't follow the rules.

Here's the word initial, that word we looked at earlier, meaning something that occurs at the beginning or the first thing.

Initial, I, I is a vowel before, there's an I there before the T-I-A-L.

Normally we'd say it'd be CIAL, but here it's a T-I-A-L so it doesn't follow our rule.

Here we have financial.

Again, there's a consonant here before the show.

So you'd expect it to be T-I-A-L, but it's not, it's C-I-A-L.

This comes from the word finance, doesn't it? Which is to do with money.

Controversial, something that is controversial might cause discussion, disagreement, or argument.

I had a controversial opinion about something.

Now look here, it's that shul, but it's spelled S-I-A-L, not C-I-A-L or T-I-A-L.

So be careful with that one.

Here are three exceptions to the rules that we have looked at.

Initial, financial, controversial.

If the letter before the short ending is a vowel, C-I-A-L is usually used.

Here we have the word crucial.

There's an U or an U sound coming before the shul.

So it's the C-I-A-L spelling.

Here we have social, it's an O sound there or an O spelling before the shul so it's C-I-A-L, social.

Facial to do with their face.

A and an A spelling before the shul, so it's C-I-A-L.

Can you remember the exception ending in C-I-A-L? Pause the video and have a think.

Absolutely, the exception is financial.

It also ends in a C-I-A-L.

It links to the root word finance, which there ends in an E.

So we have our C-I-A-L for financial.

If the letter before the shul ending in a consonant, then the T-I-A-L is usually used.

Remember a consonant is that sound that's created by the blocking of the air with the teeth, tongue, lips or palette, not a vowel.

So here we have partial, and my root word here is part.

Something that's partial is not complete.

It's a part of something.

Partial, and we have an R, which is a consonant, so it's our shul spelled T-I-A-L.

Here we have confidential, there's an N there, a consonant.

So I use my T-I-A-L spelling for the shul.

And torrential, we can use torrential to describe a rapid downpour and unending rain, torrential rain.

Torrential has an N, as a consonant before the shul, so it's T-I-A-L spelling.

Can you remember the exception ending in T-I-A-L for that shul? Pause the video and have a think.

Great.

It was that word initial that also ends in T-I-A-L.

You just have to remember this one And this is the case sometimes in our spellings, we try to generate these rules to help us so we can make a best guess or learn spellings more easily.

But sometimes we just have to remember some spellings that don't follow our rules that are exceptions.

And one of those is initial here, which has a vowel, but it's with a T-I-A spelling for that shul, initial.

Sometimes it is the root of the word that is hard to spell.

Pay attention to the words.

Look for the root words here that you recognise or parts of the word that are difficult.

My turn, your turn.

Artificial.

Confidential.

I remember that one, 'cause I can see confidence in it.

Crucial.

No clear root word there.

Essential.

Something interesting about that spelling and official.

So I've noticed here that essential has a double S and that's important for me to remember.

I've also noticed it in official there's a double F and I should remember that as well.

There's no really clear root words in many of these.

In confidential, I can see the word confident though, which is helpful.

So with the rules in mind that we've been looking at listening out for either a vowel or a consonant sound before the shul, see if you can select the correct spellings for me now from these You must be older to use social media.

Hmm, which is my correct spelling of social here from A, B or C.

Pause the video and select the correct one now.

Listen out, social.

Great job.

So social, I know it's not gonna be shul, S-H-U-L, that's spelled like it sounds.

And we are looking at either T-I-A-L, C-I-A-L, or that exception controversial, S-I-A-L.

So social, oh it's O oh, it's a vowel sound.

So it's S-O-C-I-A-L.

Remember, the most common rule there is if there's a vowel sound preceding the shul, it's C-I-A-L.

So you must be older to use social media, S-O-C-I-A-L.

If the letter before the shul ending is a vowel, C-I-A-L is usually used.

The torrential reign was relentless.

Pause the video, select the correct spelling.

Off you go.

Great.

So torrential, torre- N.

Oh, there's a consonant before the shul, so I know it's going to be T-I-A-L.

That's my most common rule there and it's not one of my exceptions.

Torrential, so if the letter before the shul ending is a consonant, T-I-L shul is usually used.

It is essential to bring a pencil with you.

So it's something you have to do.

Essential, pause the video and select from A, B, or C now.

Off you go.

Great.

So essential, remember there was something a bit interesting about this word wasn't there? It has a double S and the consonant comes before the shul, so it's T-I-A-L.

Our most common rule there.

If the letter before the shul ending in a consonant, T-I-A-L is usually used.

There are huge developments in artificial intelligence.

Artificial, pause the video and select the correct spelling now.

Listen out for the vowel or consonant.

Off you go.

Great.

Artificial, eh, eh, there's an eh, before the shul.

Oh it's going to be my C-I-A-L spelling then.

Artificial, something that's human made, not naturally occurring.

If the letter before the shul ends in a vowel, C-I-A-L is usually used, is your best bet.

So I'm gonna say some words to you now that I'd like you to have a go at writing.

I'd like you to think, do you recognise a root word? Remember the spelling rules we're looking at.

Is it listen carefully, a vowel or a consonants coming before the shul and then read and check your words.

Think about anything difficult about those spellings as well.

Think about some of the words that we've looked at so far today.

So just listen to me say the words first of all.

Number one is official.

Say that for me, official.

Number two is partial.

Number three is crucial.

And number four is confidential.

So official, partial, crucial, confidential.

Pause the video now and have a go at writing those for me.

Off you go.

Great job team.

Some really, really great application of that spelling rule that we've been looking at so far today.

We've been looking at, remember if it's a vowel coming before the shul, then we use C-I-A-L and if it's a consonant coming before the shul, then we use T-I-A-L.

And we've also looked at some exceptions also some really great handwriting there team.

So well done.

I have seen official written in these three ways.

Now there's something about official we should remember as well.

It has a double F like the word office.

So, offi- Eh, eh, it's a vowel.

So C-I-A-L is my spelling there.

Official, O double F-I-C-I-A-L.

Partial.

Partial, now I know there's a part in partial so.

And it's got a consonant before the shul 'cause of the R.

So it's partial, P-A-R-T-I-A-L.

The way I remember this is there's a part in partial.

Crucial, crucial.

Now no clear and obvious root word here, but I can hear the ooh spelling there.

And it's not gonna be OO for that ooh, it's C-R-U.

It's a U, so it's a vowel.

So C-I-A-L for my shul, crucial.

And finally confidential.

I know there's the word confident in this and it's an N coming for my shul, so it's a consonant.

So confident I-A-L, confidential, T-I-A-L at the end there.

There you go.

How did you do? Do you have any corrections to make? Do you have any magical mistakes to share? Make those corrections and share your learning now.

Off you go Onto our next learning cycle then, which is spelling curriculum words.

So we're gonna read some curriculum words.

These are words which are gonna appear a lot in our reading and writing and have slightly difficult elements to them.

So it's really important we know how to spell them 'cause we are going to be using them a lot.

My turn, your turn.

Separate.

Popular.

Opposite.

So opposites, two things that are not alike.

So what do you notice about these spellings? Pause the video, have a go at saying them again.

Think about the spellings carefully compared to how they sound.

Is there anything that's difficult about them? Pause the video and have a think now.

Brilliant, great job.

Some lovely conversations going on there.

So I've noticed a couple of things.

In separate, there is an AR in the middle, but it doesn't always sound really clear.

I don't always say separate, do I? I say separate so it doesn't sound particularly clear, so watch out for that.

Some people say that there's a rat in separate.

There is a rat in separate to help them remember that there's R-A-T there.

Popular has AR at the end, but it often doesn't sound like AR.

I didn't say popular, do I? Say popular, maybe sounds like an ER or less stress than popular.

And you cannot hear the E in opposite.

I don't say opposite, do I? Opposite.

I say opposite.

A couple of things can help us here.

Saying these words, how they are spelt can help us remember the spelling.

I can say separate.

I can say popular, and I can say opposite, to help me remember how to spell them.

You can also spot some words in a word like rat or site being in some of the words.

So take a snapshot of these words now.

Separate, popular, and opposite.

So we'll be testing you in a minute.

(imitates shutter snapping) Brilliant.

I hope they're in your brains.

So which of these are spelled correctly? The correct spelling of separate.

Remember there's a rat in separate.

Pause the video and point to it now.

Great.

Separate, so separate, remember saying it and breaking it down can help.

It's this one here.

The next one, popular.

Pause the video and point to it now.

Great.

Popular, hmm, AR at the end remember, although we don't always hear it.

So it's this one here, P-O-P-U-L-A-R.

And finally opposite, think about the naughty letter at the end here.

Pause the video and point to it now.

Fantastic job.

It's this one here.

And another thing to consider with this word is that double P, O-P-P-O-S-I-T-E.

Brilliant.

So because these are such key words, they're curriculum words which are gonna appear so much and they have slightly difficult elements to them.

It's really important we memorise how to spell them.

So we're gonna use our look, cover, write, check strategy right now to practise these three words.

This is where you look carefully at the word and consider how it's spelled what's difficult about it, you memorise it, you then cover it up, and write it in your neatest handwriting and uncover and check and see how you did and make any corrections.

And you do this a number of times, obviously using your best handwriting.

So, of course, you've used the look, cover, write, check strategy to write out these few words a number of times now.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

So I'm hoping you've got them written out a number of times like this.

How did you do? Do you have any corrections to make? Pause the video and make those corrections now.

Onto our final learning cycle then, applying spellings within a sentence.

So we are going to have a go at writing a sentence now.

That contains some of our focus spellings and some of those curriculum words that we've looked at.

When we write the whole sentence, we have to do several things at once.

So, make sure you're ready to do this.

Maybe even have a quick brain break.

We're going to have to remember the whole sentence.

We're going to have to sound out each word.

We need to think of the spelling rules we've been looking at.

So whether it's a vowel or a consonant coming before that shul.

And look out for any of those common exception words.

So exceptions and curriculum words, as well as obviously any sentence punctuation, capital letters, full stops.

Obviously any commas that might come in some complex sentences.

So I'd like you to just listen to me say the sentence first of all, just use your incredible hearing.

Listen to me say it a couple of times.

The popular cafe, which is opposite the park with artificial grass, has a special vegan menu.

So we're gonna use some strategies to help us remember this sentence.

The first strategy is repeating the sentence several times out loud to yourself.

I'm gonna say it one more time and then you can pause the video and repeat it a number of times.

The popular cafe, which is opposite the park with artificial grass, has a special vegan menu.

Pause the video and say that out loud number of times now.

Off you go.

Great.

And the next one is picturing what's happening in your head creating a mental image as I say the sentence of what's happening.

The popular cafe, which is opposite the park with artificial grass, has a special vegan menu.

I wonder what images popped into your head there.

And finally we can count the words.

The popular cafe, which is opposite the park with artificial grass, has a special vegan menu.

Pause the video and count those words on your fingers now.

Off you go.

Great.

So sound out each word.

Remember look out for those common exception and curriculum words and don't forget to check your sentence punctuation.

I'll say the sentence one more time.

The popular cafe, which is opposite the park with artificial grass, has a special vegan menu.

Pause the video and have a go at writing that sentence now.

Off you go.

Fantastic job team.

Some great application of the spelling rules that we've been looking at there.

And also great memory of some of those curriculum words that we've looked at.

Beautiful handwriting and some great punctuating going on there because I think some of you have realised something about this sentence.

So really good job.

Let's go through.

Check your work and make any corrections as we go along.

The obviously need have capital letters since it's the beginning of our sentence.

Popular, oh, that's that word.

Popular, AR at the end there.

One of our curriculum words, cafe, which, and here because I have a which is opposite the park with artificial grass, I have a relative clause, I have a comma here to show the start of that subordinate relative clause.

Which is opposite, O, double P, and E at the end there.

One of our curriculum words, the park with artificial, ah, arti- eh, eh, vowel before my shul, so C-I-L spelling.

Grass, and here I have a comma to then demarcate and show the end of my subordinate relative clause.

The popular cafe, which is opposite the park with artificial grass, has a special, special, eh, eh, E there, vowel, so I have my C-I-L spelling for that shul vegan, V-E-G-A-N.

So no meat involved there, menu.

The popular cafe, which is opposite the park with artificial grass, has a special vegan menu.

So a special menu that contains food with no animal products.

How did you do that? Watch out in particular for that relative clause.

And remember your commas to demarcate the beginning and end of that clause.

Really good job.

How did you get an also with spelling, our curriculum words popular and opposite and the words artificial and special, which follow that rule for that shul suffix, C-I-L that we've been looking at today.

Do you have any corrections to make? Do you have any magical learning to show? Pause the video, make those corrections, share any mistakes and learning now.

So great job in spelling today everyone.

We've been looking at the suffixes, shul spelled C-I-A-L and T-I-A-L.

It's common to see a T, a C or a T before that I-A-L suffix.

The shul ending can be spelled C-I-A-L or T-I-A-L.

If the letter before shul ends in a consonant, T-I-A-L is usually used.

And if the letter before shul ends in a vowel, C-I-A-L is usually used.

There are some exceptions to these rules though, which includes the words, initial, financial, and controversial.

Great spelling.

Keep up the great practise, keep up the great spelling.

I'll see you again soon.

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