Starter quiz
- As particles gain energy, they are able to overcome the ______ between them.
- 'forces of attraction' ✓
- For water, what is the temperature at which it turns from the liquid state to the gas state?
- 0°C
- 100°C ✓
- 50°C
- –20°C
- 4°C
-
- Match the following key terms to their definitions.
- boiling⇔a substance in liquid state changes to gas state ✓
- boiling point⇔the temperature a substance changes from liquid state to gas state ✓
- condensing point⇔the temperature a substance changes from gas state to liquid state ✓
- freezing point⇔the temperature a substance changes from liquid state to solid state ✓
- melting⇔the substance in solid state changes into liquid state ✓
- melting point⇔the temperature a substance changes from solid state to liquid state ✓
- Which of the following statements describe what happens during condensing?
- particles move closer together ✓
- particles start to align in a fixed arrangement
- the particles become smaller
- the temperature of the substance decreases
- the volume of the substance decreases ✓
-
- If a substance has a melting point of 50°C, at what temperature will it freeze?
- -10°C
- 0°C
- 48°C
- 50°C ✓
- 100°C
-
- Models have limitations. What does this image of the particle model NOT attempt to show? Select all that apply.
- arrangement of particles
- movement of particles ✓
- forces between particles ✓
- elasticity of particles ✓
-
Exit quiz
- Which of the following statements describe what happens during freezing?
- particles become fixed into position ✓
- particles become free to move over and around each other
- particles end up in a random arrangement
- particles end up in a regular arrangement ✓
- particles lose energy ✓
-
- Imagine candles (wax melting point 65°C; boiling point 300°C) in a room at 25°C. The flames have just been extinguished (see image). What is the temperature of the melted parts?
- somewhere around 25°C
- somewhere between 25 and 65°C
- exactly 65°C
- somewhere between 65 and 300°C ✓
- somewhere above 300°C
-
- Which aspects of a particle change when a substance’s state of matter changes?
- arrangement relative to other particles ✓
- energy of particle ✓
- movement of particle ✓
- shape of particle
- size of particle
-
- What is inside the bubbles of boiling water?
- air
- nothing, only empty space
- oxygen and hydrogen in the gas state
- water in the gas state ✓
-
- Commonly scientists only refer to melting and boiling points of substances. What is the state of matter of mercury at 25°C, if its freezing point is -39°C and condensing point is 357?
- solid state
- liquid state ✓
- gas state
- none of the above
-
- Match the numbers in the image below with the correct state change.
- 1⇔melting ✓
- 2⇔boiling ✓
- 3⇔freezing ✓
- 4⇔condensing ✓
Worksheet
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Presentation
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Video
Lesson Details
Key learning points
- A simple particle model explains melting, boiling, freezing, and condensing processes.
- Boiling is when a liquid becomes a gas throughout, forming bubbles. Condensation is when gas turns into liquid.
- Melting is when a solid turns into a liquid with added energy. Freezing is the reverse: liquid to solid, losing energy.
- The particles remain the same size and shape as they do not have bulk properties like melting and boiling points.
Common misconception
Pupils often think that the particles within the liquid will have melted or boiled rather than remain the same size and shape, i.e. atoms do not have bulk properties like melting and boiling points.
Ensure that you specifically say that the particles themselves will not melt or boil.
Keywords
Melting - When a substance changes from a solid state to a liquid state.
Freezing - The process of a substance changing from a liquid state to a solid state.
Forces of attraction - A pulling force that keeps particles close together.
Boiling - When a substance in the liquid state is heated, gas bubbles form and it changes to the gas state.
Condensing - When a substance in the gas state is cooled and changes to a liquid state.
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