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I can correctly form the fourth join with a lead in and lead out.

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Licence

This content is © Oak National Academy Limited (2023), licensed on Open Government Licence version 3.0 except where otherwise stated. See Oak's terms & conditions (Collection 2).

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Key learning points

The letters all have a lead in and a lead out.
The pencil does not lift when forming the join.
The fourth join goes from the x-height line up towards the ascender line.
When joining the letter string o to b, the direction of formation changes.
When forming the letter f, it has two loops: at the top of the lead in and at the bottom ready for the lead out.

Common misconception

Children will often want to take their pencil off to form the join.

Emphasise the flowing motion of cursive writing. The letters need to be joined together so the pencil needs to stay on the page.

Keywords

Cursive - style of handwriting where the letters are joined together in a flowing and connected manner
Lead in - the stroke or line that guides us into starting a letter
Lead out - the stroke or line that guides us to smoothly finish a letter
X-height line - this is the line that x-height letters reach
Ascender line - this is the top line of the tramlines

Content guidance

Physical activity required.

Supervision

Adult supervision recommended.

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Hello everyone, I am Ms. Alsal, and I'm feeling really excited because guess what we're going to do together? We are going to do some handwriting.

I love sharing handwriting.

I love forming new letters together, making patterns.

It's all so much fun.

So what you need to be ready is to have your eyes ready looking.

You need your ears ready to listen out for keywords.

And we're gonna be warming up our hands and our roost soon.

So you'll need those ready, and let's begin.

Let's have a great time.

The outcome for today's lesson is, I can correctly form the fourth join with a lead in and a lead out.

We have a number of keywords in today's lesson.

Let's go through them all, my turn your turn.

Cursive, lead in, lead out, x-height line, ascender line.

Let's make sure we look out for those words.

Let's listen for them.

Let's think about them.

Let's be curious and excited about them.

The outline for today's lesson, the fourth join, ob, of, ot and oh with lead in is as follows.

We'll begin with our handwriting warmup.

Next we'll look at the fourth join, ob and of, and then we'll move on to the fourth join, ot and oh.

First, handwriting warmups.

Before starting to write, it's important that we warm up our hand and our wrist muscles.

Our hands and wrists get stronger when we exercise them.

So warming up your hands while writing will help to improve your handwriting.

Let's have a go at the finger tap warmup.

I'll go first and then it will be your turn.

I love this warmup because it exercises our fingers and because it feels so good doing this on our head, giving ourselves a little massage.

So I'm gonna start by putting my hands on top of my head and I'm gonna tap each of my fingers, starting with my little finger, all the way to the thumb.

And I'm actually gonna tap down the side of my head, so moving each of my fingers, tapping, and it feels great on my head, like a lovely, gentle massage.

Now I'm going to go back up to the top.

And this time I'm going to tap down the back of my head.

Oh, this is feeling like a lovely way to begin our handwriting session.

Hmm, really nice, and now it's your turn.

Get your hands ready, place 'em on top of your head, tapping down the sides of your head.

Doesn't that feel good? I love this exercise because it sounds good, it feels good on our head, and crucially, it's strengthening our fingers, ready for handwriting, fantastic.

Next we're going to have a go at the wrist shake.

This is really helpful for our wrists.

So all we're gonna do is just gonna hold our hand down like this, and we are going to shake, shake our hand, so shaking our wrist, shaking our hand, and I'm gonna do the same on the other side, just shaking my wrist and my hand.

Now it's your turn, are you ready? So choose whichever hand you want to begin with.

And let's just shake that wrist, other side, shake your wrist, nice gentle shake.

Really fun way to do this is we could also shake upwards.

And this is lovely.

Have a go with me because this is like we're saying bye, just for now, or we could be saying hello, hello! Well done.

As well, practising writing patterns helps us to prepare for writing and joining letters.

Look at these fantastic patterns we've got before us.

Let's have a go at one.

I'm gonna do this writing pattern in the air, my finger, and then it'll be your turn.

I'm gonna go like this, down and up, down and up, down and up, down and up.

That really feels quite nice.

You know what, I'm gonna go backwards, down and up, down and up, down and up.

It's your turn, are you ready, let's go.

Down and up, down and up, down and up, down and up.

Let's go back, down and up, down and up, down and up and down.

Did that feel good, yep, I thought it would.

For your task, I'd like you to copy and continue these patterns using your tripod grip.

So we've got the pattern we just did, down and up, and then we've got another one, which has got these kind of zigzaggy lines down and up.

Keep your pencil on the page while you're making the pattern and keep your movement flowing and smooth.

Enjoy, and I'll see you when you're finished.

Pause the video here.

How did you get on with copying and continuing these patterns, using your tripod grip? Did you hold your pencil in the tripod grip the whole time? Did you keep your pencil on the page? And was your movement smooth? Well done, everyone for doing your best.

And now we're onto the next part of our lesson.

We'll look at the fourth join, ob and of.

Let's have a little recap of joins.

So here we can see some joined letters.

Let's find out some more about joining.

So cursive handwriting involves joining letters together without lifting your pencil.

So that's what word cursive means.

Cursive is another way of saying joined-up handwriting.

So it's joining the letters together.

We keep our pencil on the page while we do this.

How the letters are connected depends on which letter is joining to which letter.

And cursive letter joins refers to how the letters connect together, so the actual kind of join.

And today we're looking at the fourth join.

Learning the letter joins will improve your cursive handwriting skills, allowing for a smooth flow of handwriting.

It really does feel quite lovely when you get the hang of this cursive handwriting thing.

So let's get into it.

Again, here's a reminder.

The first join we land is shown here below.

And here's Aisha.

And she reminds us that the first join is from the baseline to the x-height line.

Thanks, Aisha.

There we go.

There's our helpful reminder.

The second join that we learned is shown below.

And here Joan, thanks for this reminder, Joan.

The second join is from the baseline to above the x-height line towards the ascender line like so.

Yeah, that's the one, so from the baseline going beyond the x-height line, up towards the ascender line.

The third join, oh my goodness, we've been busy, haven't we? The third join we learn is shown below, and here's Alex! Thanks Alex for tell telling us this, the third join is from the x-height line to the x-height line.

So do you remember we did that little dipping below the x-height line to make that join? Exciting stuff.

We have covered so much, my goodness.

Oh yeah, and there's the third join.

Thank you, Alex.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct third join.

Which of these joins is making that third join? Which of these oms is making that third join correctly? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done, it's the third one there, that is joining from the o to the m with that little dip down, back up just below the x-height line, dipping just below.

Fantastic job.

Okay, let's have a look at what's appeared on our screen.

We have got some examples of the fourth join.

Take a look at them.

What do you notice, what do you see? Pause the video and tell someone nearby.

Oh my goodness.

So many things to notice.

Okay, let's start with the ob.

Did you notice lead in and a lead out, of, did you notice lead in, and there was for the f, lead in for the of, and for the f, the lead in is a loop.

How about the lead out of the f? Again, it's a loop.

Yeah, fantastic noticing.

So what do you notice about how these letters are joined ob and of? Well, all the letters have a lead in and a lead out.

The first letter has a lead in from the baseline.

The join starts at the x-height line and reaches up to the ascender line.

And the last letter has a lead out on the baseline.

And letter f has a lead in loop and a lead out loop.

And here's Izzy, thanks Izzy for telling us this.

The fourth join goes from the x-height line up towards the ascender line.

Oh, brilliant.

That is really helpful, Izzy.

And there's the arrows to really make that clear for us.

Amazing, so fourth join x-height line up towards the ascender line.

Now let's make sure we are clear on what these lines are so the x-height line is the dotted line and it's the line that x-height letters go up as high as.

And the ascender line is the top line.

We'll see when we have tram lines for writing and that's the highest place that any letters can reach up to.

So many letters with ascenders go up as high as the ascender line.

Okay, this is a fun time.

We are gonna have a go at forming the fourth join.

We are gonna join ob and of.

I'll go first and then it'll be your turn.

Okay, so let's start with the ob.

Ready, I'm going to begin with my lead in.

So I'll lead in form the letter o, and then to join, I'm gonna keep my pencil on the lead out and I'm gonna keep going up to the ascender line.

And then I'm gonna form the letter b and come back down around and I'll finish with a lead out.

Let me show you one more time, ob, I'll lead in, form letter o, and then to join, I'm gonna keep my pencil on lead out and I'm gonna go all the way up to the ascender line.

Now I'm gonna form the letter b and then I'll finish with a lead out.

Okay, it's your turn to form ob.

Ready, line, go! Lead in, form letter o, and then to join, keep going from that lead out.

Keep going up to the ascender line.

Then we form the letter b and finish with the lead out.

One more, ready, line, go! Lead in, the o to join.

Keep going with that lead out, up to the ascender line, down, form the b, lead out, ob done.

Wonderful, okay, I'm gonna have a go now at of, I'm going to start at the baseline with my lead in, form the letter o.

And then to join, I'm gonna go from the lead out.

I'm gonna keep going up and this time I'm gonna loop around in an anti-clockwise direction up to the ascender line to form the f.

Then I'm gonna go all the way down to the descender line, make another loop for the lead out, which finishes just past the baseline.

Lemme show you one more time.

Lead in, o, and then to join, I'll keep going up to the as ascender line, loop around in an anti-clockwise direction to form the f, down to the descender line.

Another loop for the lead out.

Okay, it's your turn, of, are you ready? Go, lead in, letter o to join, keep going with that lead out up to the ascender line, loop around anti-clockwise to form the f down to the descender line.

Another loop up to past the baseline.

Lovely.

One more, ready, line, go! Lead in, letter o, and then to join, keep going from the lead out up to the ascender line.

Loop around anti-clockwise to form the f, go down to the descender line.

Loop around to form the lead out.

Oh wow, those ofs are really looking terrific and there was quite a lot involved there.

So really well done.

I'm going to show you how to form the fourth join, ob.

I'm sitting comfortably and holding my pen in the tripod grip.

I'll say to myself, \"Ready line, go,\" to get started with my lead in at the baseline.

And I'm going to form my letter o.

Go up to the x-height line, go anti-clockwise, form my letter o, and then to join, I'm gonna keep my pen on the lead out.

And I'm gonna go all the way up to the ascender line.

And then I'm going to form my letter b, going around in a clockwise direction.

And I'm gonna finish with a lead out from the baseline.

Let's try that again.

Ready, line, go, is my lead in.

I'm gonna form my letter o.

And then to join, I'm gonna go from the x-height line.

My lead out's gonna go all the way up to the ascender line.

Then I'm gonna form my b and I'll finish with a lead out.

Let's try one more, ready, line, go.

Lead in, form the o, anti-clockwise.

And then to join, I'll go from my lead out up to the ascender line all the way back down to the baseline, form the letter b, finish with a lead out.

I'm going to show you how to form the fourth join, of.

I'm sitting comfortably, holding my pen in the tripod grip.

I'll say to myself, \"Ready, line, go.\" And then I'll put my pen on the baseline to start my lead in.

Go up to the x-height line and I'll form my letter o anti-clockwise.

And then to join, I'm gonna go from here.

My lead out is gonna go all the way up to the ascender line and I'm gonna loop around and then anti-clockwise direction to form the f.

Gonna come all the way down to the descender line, form another loop that goes up to the baseline as my lead out.

Let's try that again, ready, line, go, lead in, form the letter o, and then to join, I'll go with my lead out.

It's gonna go up to the ascender line, looping around in an anticlockwise direction down to the descender line.

Another loop for my lead out.

One more, ready, line, go, lead in, there's my o, and then to join, I'll go from that lead out up to the ascender line, looping around, anti-clockwise down to the descend line.

Another loop for the lead out.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct join.

Which of these two obs is formed correctly, which has got that fourth join formed correctly? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done, it's the one on the end that has got a lead in for the o, it's got that fourth join going from the x-height line all the way up towards the ascender line.

And the b has a lead out.

Check for understanding here as well.

Select the correct join.

Which of these ofs is joined correctly? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done.

It's the first one.

The o has a lead in, the join from that o, the lead out is moving up towards the ascender line, looping around, we've got that lovely loop at the top.

We've got the loop as the lead out at the bottom.

This is the one for us.

For your task, I'd like you to practise the fourth join, ob.

First, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot, and finally complete two lines independently on your tram lines.

After that, I'd like you to practise the fourth join, of.

First go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot.

Finally, complete two lines independently on your tram lines.

Enjoy the joins.

Enjoy all of these letters and the loops, and I'll see you when you're finished.

Pause the video here.

Okay, great to see you again.

How did you get on? Did you join from the x-height line to the ascender line? Did you remember the lead in and the lead out loop for the letter f? Was your movement smooth.

Circle your best join and celebrate.

And now it's time for us to look at the fourth join between letters, ot and oh, they are about to appear, now! Here they are, take a close look at ot.

Take a close look at oh.

What do you see, what do you notice? Tell someone nearby.

Pause the video.

Whoa, there's a lot going on here.

Let's start with ot.

Did you notice the lead in? Did you notice the lead out from the t? How about, oh, lead into the o? Lead out from the h, cross at the top of the t? There's a lot to spot.

I hope you found all of these things, these interesting things.

What else do we notice about how these letters are joined? All the letters have lead in and they all have a lead outs.

Remember the lead in is the line that leads us into the letter and the lead out takes us out from the letter and helps us to join to the next letter.

So the lead out from one letter and lead in from another letter is like they hold hands, they're joined together.

The first letter has a lead in from the baseline.

The baseline is that line in green, that letters, most letters sit on the baseline.

The join for ot starts at the x-height line and it reaches up to between the x-height line and the ascender line so not all the way up to the ascender line but halfway in-between the x-height and the ascender line.

The join for oh starts at x-height line and then reaches up to the ascender line.

And remember, the ascender line is that line on our tramline.

It's the one right at the top that the tallest letters reach up towards.

The last letter has a lead out on the baseline.

And here's Izzy with that reminder.

\"The fourth join goes from the x-height line up towards the ascender line,\" like this.

Thanks Izzy.

Okay, it's time to have a go at forming these joins.

I will go first of all, and then it's your turn.

I'm gonna start with ot.

I'm gonna start with my lead in, form the letter o, and then to join, I'll keep going from my lead out up to halfway between the x-height line and the ascender line to form my t back down to the baseline, lead out.

Take my pen off and make a cross.

One more time.

Lead in, form the letter o, to join, I'll keep going with my lead out up to midway between the x-height line and the ascender line, down, form a t, lead out and cross the t.

Oh, yes, that was good, it's your turn, ready, line, go! Lead in to the o, form your o.

And then here's our join, keep your going from the lead out up to between the x-height line and the ascender line, down to the baseline, lead out, cross the t.

Let's do one more, ready, line, go! Lead in, o to join, go from that lead out, upwards to halfway between those next two lines, down to the baseline, lead out, cross the t.

Oh, yes, those are looking good.

Very well done, everyone.

Now it's time for oh, let me show you how.

I'm starting up my baseline with a lead in, forming the letter o, from here, I'm to join, I'm gonna keep going with my lead out all the way up to the ascender line.

Yep, well done.

Down to the baseline, form my letter h, finish with a lovely lead out.

Hmm, that was quite satisfying, oh yes, let's go again.

Lead in, o to join, keep going up to the ascender line, form my h, lead out.

I won't have all the fun myself.

It's time for you to join in, oh, ready, go.

Lead in, letter o, keep going to join from that lead out up to the ascender line down to the baseline.

Form your h, lead out.

One more, lead in, o to join.

Let's go from that lead out up to the ascender line down to the baseline.

Form the h, lead out.

Oh yes, they look great.

I'm going to show you how to form the fourth join, ot.

I'm sitting comfortably holding my pen in a tripod grip.

I'll say to myself, \"Ready, line, go!\" And I'll put my pen on the baseline and start my lead in to the o up to the x-height line.

And I'll go anti-clockwise, form my letter o.

And then to join, I will go from my lead out up to halfway in between the x-height line and the ascender line to perform the t, down to the baseline, lead out.

And then go back and cross the t.

let's try that again.

Ready, line, go! lead in, form the o, and then to join, I'll go from my lead out.

It's gonna go up to halfway between the x-height line and the ascender line, back down to the baseline, lead out, cross the t.

One more, ready, line, go! Lead in, form the o.

And then to join, I go from my lead up to that halfway point down to the baseline, lead out, cross the t.

I'm going to show you how to practise the fourth join, oh.

I'm sitting comfortably holding my pen in a tripod grip.

And I'll say to myself, \"Ready, line, go!\" I'll put my pen at the baseline for my lead in and I'll form the letter o anti-clockwise.

And then to join, I'll go from my lead out all the way up to the ascender line to form the h.

And I'll finish with a lead out.

Let's try that again.

Ready, line, go, lead in, form the letter o anti-clockwise.

And then to join, I go from a lead out up to the ascender line, down to the baseline to form the h, finish with a lead out.

Let's try one more, ready, line, go, lead in, form the o, join is going from there up to the ascender line, all the way back down, lead out.

Check for understanding.

Select the correct join.

Which of these ots is the correct ot? Pause the video while you decide.

Well done if you selected the one in the middle, this o is joining up to the t.

It's going to the correct height in-between the x-height line and the ascender line.

Select the correct join between the o and the h.

Which one is it? Pause the video while you decide.

Oh, yes, you have got it.

It's the first o that's correct one.

It's got the lead in for the o.

It's got that join from the x-height line going all the way up to the ascender line, and it's looking great.

For your task, I'd like you to practise the fourth join, ot.

First of all, go over the grey examples.

Next, try using the starting dot, and finally complete two lines independently on your tram lines.

After that, it's time to practise the fourth join, oh, go over the grey examples, try using the starting dot.

And finally complete two lines independently on your tram lines.

Enjoy these joins.

Enjoy the fourth join, and I'll see you when you're finished.

Pause the video here.

I am so curious to find out how you got on.

I've got questions and questions for you.

So did you join from the x-height line to the ascender line for the letter h? How about for the t, did you remember, it's a bit different.

Did you join from the x-height line to between the ascender line and the x-height line for the letter t? Did you keep your pencil on the page for these joins, did you enjoy everyone? I hope so.

Circle your best one and celebrate! In our lesson, the fourth join, ob, of, ot and oh with lead in, we have covered the following, cursive letter joins refer to how the letters connect together.

The letters all have a lead in and a lead out.

The fourth join goes from the x-height line up towards the ascender line.

The joins ob, of, and oh all reach the ascender line.

The join ot reaches to between the x-height line and the ascender line.

You do not lift your pencil when forming the join.

The letter f has a lead in and a lead out loop so it can connect to other letters.

Wow, we have covered so much.

Look at these joins.

Look at these wonderful fourth joins that you have done today, I'm so proud of you.

I hope you're proud of all that you've achieved, all your hard work, and I'm really looking forward to seeing you for some more handwriting at the next lesson.

Bye for now.

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correct formation of the second join it." }, "questionType": "Multiple choice", "correct": [ { "image": "https://www.thenational.academy/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Foaknationalacademy-res.cloudinary.com%2Fimage%2Fupload%2Fv1705506981%2Ffjt3i2ux7fdnp95bjkq7.png&w=640&q=75", "imageKey": "d5a30b14-1f6a-5c0c-bfd3-dd8cee1d8381/question/c95c376831a6f147e832a8faf7f622c8.png" } ], "choices": [ { "image": "https://www.thenational.academy/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Foaknationalacademy-res.cloudinary.com%2Fimage%2Fupload%2Fv1704098146%2Fkwyltmkewmdnrx3cmh4j.jpg&w=384&q=75", "imageKey": "d5a30b14-1f6a-5c0c-bfd3-dd8cee1d8381/question/1ab9bef620b7b276160f8a3c5ef9e835.jpeg" }, { "image": "https://www.thenational.academy/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Foaknationalacademy-res.cloudinary.com%2Fimage%2Fupload%2Fv1705506981%2Ffjt3i2ux7fdnp95bjkq7.png&w=640&q=75", "imageKey": "d5a30b14-1f6a-5c0c-bfd3-dd8cee1d8381/question/c95c376831a6f147e832a8faf7f622c8.png" }, { "image": 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